Losing Fat & Gaining Muscle – The Problem
Tuesday, September 7th, 2010In an ideal world everything you ate would go 100% to gaining muscle, and every calorie your burned would come from just fat. You would build muscle, lose fat, and end up huge and ripped. However, we don’t live in that world, which is why it’s so rare to see huge, ripped guys. Instead, we tend to put calories toward both fat and muscle, and burn both as well. The ratio of what goes where is the crux of the matter, and why losing fat and gaining muscle is so hard. What’s going on?
Ever hear about your P-Ratio? This is what researchers call the degree to how much protein you gain or lose when you over or under feed. So a low P-Ratio means that when you diet you burn low amounts of protein, and high amounts of fat. A high P-Ratio would mean the opposite; when you diet you burn a lot of protein, and little fat. It seems that the same is true for when you over feed; people with high P-Ratio tend to gain a lot of protein, and little, fat, while people with low P-Ratio gain a little protein, and high amounts of fat. So a person with high P-Ratio would never seem to gain much fat, while people with a low P-Ratio seem to oscillate wildly, gaining and losing fat, but never putting on much muscle.
How do you change your P-Ratio? It looks like most of it is controlled by your genetics. We can change as much as 15-20% of it, but no more than that. This is where the difference in exercise and diet relative to your P-Ratio come in; your diet allows you to follow the curve of your P-Ratio, losing weight as dictated by it, while exercise allows you to actually change your P-Ratio to a degree.
What are the factors that control your P-Ratio? Hormones, insulin sensitivity, and your body fat percentage. Hormones are crucial to determing how your body reacts to feeding and dieting; high testosterone levels help you gain more muscle and less fat, while high cortisol levels do the opposite (i.e. lots of cortisol = bad for body builders).Thyroid and nervous system activity also effect your fat burning processes, but all these are basically set by your genetics and so out of your control.
Insulin sensitivity is another huge factor in your body’s ability to partition calories. High insulin sensitivity means your body reacts strongly to a small amount of insulin, while low sensitivity is the opposite. What is insulin? It’s a storage hormone that stores energy in your liver, fat cells and muscle. People with high insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle place more energy there as opposed to people who tend to store more energy in their fat cells. Optimizing your insulin usage is key to improving performance, and this can be done in part through diet; eating refined carbs is definitely not the way to go.
As you can see, the ability to gain muscle and lose fat is in great part already determined by your body’s genetics. If you’re not a natural athlete, trying to do so when it doesn’t accord with your P-Ratio can be an exercise in frustration.